Gnostic Islam

1. Torah (Judaism)

• The Torah is the foundational text of Judaism, believed to have been revealed by God to the prophet Moses. It consists of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

2. Bible (Christianity)

• The Bible, particularly the Old and New Testaments, is considered the sacred text of Christianity. The Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible, while the New Testament contains the teachings of Jesus Christ and writings of his apostles.

3. Qur'an (Islam)

• The Qur'an is the holy book of Islam, revealed by God (Allah) to the Prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel over a period of approximately 23 years. It is considered the final and complete revelation in Islam.

4. Zabur (Psalms)

• In Islam, Zabur refers to the Psalms, a collection of songs and prayers revealed to Prophet Dawud (David). These are also part of the Christian and Jewish scriptures but hold special significance in Islam as well.

5. Injil (Gospel)

• The Injil in Islamic tradition refers to the teachings or gospel given to the prophet 'Isa (Jesus). Muslims believe that the original Injil has been lost or altered over time, and the Qur'an is seen as the final and most accurate revelation.

Other traditions also recognize various scriptures as divine revelations. For instance:

• Vedas (Hinduism): The Vedas are a collection of ancient texts considered the foundational scriptures of Hinduism. While Hinduism is not typically categorized as monotheistic in the same sense as the Abrahamic faiths, the Vedas are revered as divinely inspired.

• Guru Granth Sahib (Sikhism): This is the central scripture of Sikhism, considered the eternal Guru and a living guide to Sikhs, containing the teachings of Sikh Gurus and other saints.

These texts are considered by their respective believers to be guides for moral, ethical, and spiritual living.

The Torah is the central and most important text in Judaism. It is considered the divine revelation given by God to the prophet Moses on Mount Sinai and forms the foundation of Jewish law, ethics, and religious practice. 

The word "Torah" comes from the Hebrew root word meaning "to teach" or "instruction," and it is often referred to as "The Law" or "The Teaching."

Key Aspects of the Torah:

1. Five Books of Moses (Pentateuch): The Torah consists of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), collectively known as the Pentateuch. These books are:Genesis (Bereshit): Covers the creation of the world, the early stories of humanity, and the patriarchs like Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph.
   Exodus (Shemot): Focuses on the Israelites' slavery in Egypt, their liberation through Moses, and the giving of the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai.
   Leviticus (Vayikra): Primarily deals with laws concerning worship, sacrifices, and religious rituals.
   Numbers (Bamidbar): Chronicles the Israelites' wanderings in the wilderness and provides various laws and census data.
   Deuteronomy (Devarim): Contains Moses’ speeches reviewing the laws and events before entering the Promised Land, including a restatement of the Ten Commandments.
   

2. Divine Law and Commandments: The Torah contains 613 commandments (mitzvot) that outline religious duties and moral conduct for Jews. These cover all aspects of life, including worship, ethics, civil and criminal law, and personal conduct.

3. Oral and Written Torah: In Jewish tradition, the Written Torah (the text itself) is accompanied by the Oral Torah, which includes rabbinic interpretations and teachings meant to explain and apply the laws of the Torah. The Oral Torah was later written down in the Talmud and other rabbinic texts.

4. Role in Jewish Life: The Torah is central to Jewish worship and daily life. It is read publicly in synagogues during services, especially on the Sabbath, and during Jewish holidays. The study of Torah is considered a mitzvah (commandment) in itself, and it forms the core of Jewish education.

In addition to its religious significance, the Torah also holds cultural and historical importance, as it documents the early history of the Jewish people and their covenant with God.

The Injeel (Arabic: الإنجيل‎) refers to the Gospel or the divine scripture believed in Islam to have been revealed by God (Allah) to Prophet Jesus (Isa). Muslims consider the Injeel as one of the four major divine scriptures mentioned in the Qur'an, alongside the Torah (Tawrah), the Psalms (Zabur), and the Qur'an.

Key Points About the Injeel in Islam:

1. Divinely Revealed Book:The Injeel is regarded as a holy scripture that was given to Prophet Jesus (Isa) to guide his people. It contained teachings about monotheism, morality, and worshiping God alone.
   Muslims believe the Injeel, like other previous scriptures, was part of God’s progressive revelation to humanity.
   

2. Belief in the Injeel:
   Belief in the Injeel as a revealed scripture is a fundamental part of Islamic faith. The Qur'an states:
   “And We sent, following in their footsteps, Jesus, the son of Mary, confirming that which came before him in the Torah; and We gave him the Gospel, in which was guidance and light…” (Qur'an 5:46)

3. The Original Injeel:Muslims believe the original Injeel given to Jesus was a pure and unaltered revelation from God. However, they hold that the original message has been lost, changed, or corrupted over time due to human intervention and alterations in the transmission process.
   The Gospels found in the New Testament (e.g., the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) are not considered the same as the original Injeel but are seen as human accounts that may contain traces of Jesus’ original teachings.
   

4. Jesus as a Messenger:In Islamic belief, Jesus (Isa) is not viewed as the son of God or divine but as one of the greatest prophets and messengers sent to guide humanity. The Injeel was part of his mission to reaffirm the message of the Torah and prepare for the coming of Prophet Muhammad.
   

5. Relation to the Qur'an:The Qur'an is considered the final and complete revelation that confirms and supersedes all previous scriptures, including the Injeel. Muslims believe the Qur'an restores the pure message of God that was revealed to previous prophets.
   

Key Themes of the Injeel (as understood in Islam):

• Emphasis on monotheism: Worshiping one God alone.

• Moral and ethical teachings about love, compassion, and justice.

• Guidance for righteous living.

• Prophecies about the coming of Prophet Muhammad (mentioned as Ahmad in some interpretations of the Qur'an, e.g., 61:6).

While Muslims revere the Injeel, they primarily follow the Qur'an as the complete and final revelation. However, they respect Jesus and his teachings as a vital part of God's message to humanity.

The Qur'an (Arabic: القرآن‎, al-Qur'ān) is the holy book of Islam, and its name means "recitation" or "something that is recited aloud." 

The name reflects the fact that the Qur'an is believed to be the direct word of God (Allah), revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel over a period of approximately 23 years, from 610 CE until Muhammad's death in 632 CE.

Key Aspects of the Qur'an:

1. Literal Word of God: Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the final and complete revelation from God, perfectly preserved in its original Arabic form. It is considered the ultimate source of guidance for all aspects of life, including spiritual, moral, and legal matters.

2. Structure: The Qur'an is composed of 114 chapters (called surahs) and more than 6,000 verses (called ayahs). The surahs vary in length, with some being quite long (like Al-Baqarah, the second chapter), and others being very short. The chapters are not arranged in chronological order but generally by length, with the longer surahs placed first.

3. Themes and Content:Monotheism: The Qur'an emphasizes the oneness of God (Tawhid), affirming that there is no deity but Allah.
   Prophets and Messengers: It recounts the stories of many prophets (such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus) who conveyed God's message to humanity, with Muhammad being the final prophet.
   Guidance for Life: The Qur'an provides guidance on matters of personal conduct, ethics, family life, social justice, and law.
   Afterlife: It describes the concepts of heaven (Paradise) and hell, the Day of Judgment, and the ultimate reward or punishment for human actions.
   Moral and Legal Precepts: The Qur'an contains various rules and principles that govern social relations, business transactions, and religious duties (such as prayer, fasting, charity, and the Hajj pilgrimage).
   

4. Recitation and Memorization: The Qur'an holds a unique place in Islam as it is not only studied but also memorized and recited. Hafiz (or Hafiza) is the title given to a person who has memorized the entire Qur'an. Its recitation in Arabic during prayer and other religious practices is central to Islamic worship.

5. Language: The Qur'an was revealed in Classical Arabic, and although it has been translated into many languages, the original Arabic is considered the authentic version. Muslims believe that the meaning of the Qur'an cannot be fully captured in translation.

The Qur'an, together with the Hadith (the sayings and practices of Prophet Muhammad), forms the basis of Sharia (Islamic law) and provides a complete framework for how Muslims should live their lives.